Fetal surgery is a procedure aimed at treating certain serious health problems detected in your unborn (fetal) baby before birth, while still in the womb.

This treatment can stop the progression of certain congenital diseases, support the development of the baby’s vital organs, and reduce serious problems the baby might face after birth.

In addition, in cases such as urinary tract obstructions detected in the womb (such as antenatal hydronephrosis and posterior urethral valve), esophageal atresia (undeveloped esophagus), and intestinal atresias (undeveloped intestines), there may be a need for intervention during pregnancy or immediately after birth. Therefore, it is crucial for the health of the baby and mother to refer to a center with perinatology, pediatric surgery, and neonatal intensive care units without waiting for delivery.

In Which Cases Can It Be Applied?

Fetal surgery is not suitable for every baby. It is recommended only in specific conditions, such as:

– Spina bifida (spinal cord opening)
– Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome in identical twins
– Urinary tract obstruction in the unborn baby
– Diaphragmatic hernias preventing lung development

How Is It Performed?

Fetal surgery is generally performed in two ways:

– Open surgery: The mother’s abdomen is opened to intervene directly with the baby.
– Minimally invasive (closed) technique: Special instruments are inserted through small incisions.

The method to be used is determined by your doctor depending on your baby’s condition.

What Are the Benefits?

– Your baby’s life can be saved
– The baby’s vital organs can develop more healthily
– Postnatal quality of life may improve
– Permanent damage can be prevented in some diseases
– Your baby may gain bladder/bowel control and the ability to walk

What Are the Possible Risks?

For the mother:
– Risk of preterm labor
– Infection
– Uterine rupture (especially in future pregnancies)

For the baby:
– Amniotic fluid leakage
– Growth restriction
– Preterm birth
– Risk of miscarriage

Fetal surgery is a highly advanced procedure that can be life-saving or improve quality of life. However, due to its serious risks, it must be performed in fully equipped centers with pediatric surgery, perinatology, pediatric anesthesia, neurosurgery, pediatric radiology, and neonatal intensive care unit facilities.

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