Morgagni hernia is a rare type of congenital diaphragmatic hernia that develops in a weak area located in the front portion of the diaphragm. It is typically identified in children or young individuals.

It accounts for approximately 2–3% of all diaphragmatic hernias (see also other types of diaphragmatic hernias: congenital diaphragmatic hernia and hiatal hernia). It is usually diagnosed during infancy or early childhood and is slightly more common in male children. Morgagni hernia occurs when abdominal organs protrude into the chest cavity through a weak spot in the front part of the diaphragm.

Symptoms

This type of hernia most often appears on the right side. In children, symptoms can include abdominal pain, vomiting, chest pain, and difficulty breathing.

Treatment

If left untreated, Morgagni hernia can lead to incarceration (trapping) of abdominal organs within the hernia sac, which may result in organ strangulation or gangrene. It may also cause recurrent lung infections and respiratory difficulties. If the hernia is discovered incidentally and the patient has no symptoms, observation without immediate surgery may be an option. However, the risk of organ strangulation and related complications must always be kept in mind.

The recommended treatment is laparoscopic (minimally invasive) surgery performed in experienced centers. Compared to open surgery, laparoscopic repair improves the child’s quality of life and reduces the likelihood of complications. Although rare, recurrence of the hernia can occur.

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