Intestinal atresia (small bowel atresia) is a congenital obstruction or underdevelopment of the small intestine. This condition refers to an anomaly where a part of the intestine is either completely closed or a long segment has not developed. It prevents the proper passage of food and digestive fluids.

It is a rare congenital condition occurring in approximately 1 in 3,000 to 5,000 newborns. It is most often detected during routine prenatal ultrasound examinations. Therefore, families of babies suspected to have intestinal atresia during pregnancy should definitely consult a center that has perinatology, pediatric surgery, and neonatal intensive care unit services.

Symptoms

If undetected during pregnancy, small bowel atresia becomes apparent immediately after birth. It manifests in the newborn with symptoms such as inability to feed, vomiting, abdominal swelling, and poor general condition. Without urgent intervention, life-threatening complications may occur. The undeveloped portion of the intestine causes accumulation of food and intestinal fluids before the blockage, leading to perforation in that area.

Treatment

The only treatment is surgery. The blocked section is surgically opened to restore the passage between the small intestines. In experienced centers, this procedure can also be performed laparoscopically (minimally invasive). Laparoscopic surgery reduces the surgical stress on the newborn. It minimizes the risks of complications such as bleeding and intestinal perforation during or after surgery. After surgery, the baby can start feeding earlier and be reunited with the mother sooner. However, if the baby’s general condition does not allow for laparoscopic surgery, an open operation should be performed.

Small bowel atresias are significant congenital anomalies of the digestive system in infants and require surgical intervention. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment enable healthy growth and development. Careful postoperative monitoring and care reduce the risk of complications. Therefore, when this condition is suspected during pregnancy, follow-up and treatment in a multidisciplinary center (including obstetrics and perinatology, neonatal intensive care unit, and pediatric surgery) with relevant expertise is essential. This approach is important for ensuring the newborn’s health is secured earlier and more safely.

Please click for detailed information and to make an appointment.